What is a public key exchange (DH)?
In the realm of cryptography and digital security, what exactly is a public key exchange, specifically referring to the Diffie-Hellman (DH) protocol? Could you elaborate on its purpose, how it works, and why it's significant in the realm of cryptocurrency and finance? What makes it a reliable method for securely establishing a shared secret key between two parties communicating over an insecure network? Additionally, how does the DH protocol ensure that neither party can derive the other's private key, even if they have access to the exchanged public keys?